Kawamura, Ewa. "The Trend of Spanish-Style Architecture in Japanese Houses, Hotels, Shopping Centres, Outlets, and Theme Parks in the 20th Century". En Arquitectura y paisaje: transferencias históricas, retos contemporáneos, coordinado por Juan Calatrava et al., vol. II, 1001-1013. Madrid: Abada Editores, 2022

Madrid: Abada Editores

In Japan, there have been many buildings with Spanish-style designs. However, the pre-war examples were almost in the　Californian Spanish Colonial style. Between the 20s and 30s, many Japanese housing books introduced Spanish-style houses. At that time, several American architects settled in Japan designed various buildings with Spanish colonial style. On the other hand, many Japanese architects built hotels in Andalusian style, with white stucco walls and orange roof tiles, mainly at seaside towns. During the bubble period in the 80s and 90s, some hotels were built resembling Spanish medieval castles or monasteries, because Spain became a favourite travel destination for the economically affluent Japanese. As a result, there were several plans to build Spain-themed parks. After the bubble burst, the Spanish motif inherited to the shopping centre, and outlet malls. In every era, Spanish-style architecture has been favoured by the Japanese as a fashionable symbol.